![]() Biophysical factors transduce mechanical forces into biological signals resulting in the regulation of cellular behaviors. Various factors within the microenvironment, including both biochemical, and biophysical factors, play pivotal roles in cellular physiology. The extracellular microenvironment influences cellular behavior. We developed a novel cell culture scaffold and demonstrated that substrate stiffness influenced the osteogenic differentiation of rat BMSCs. The PEG/SF/HAp fabricated with HAp (50 mg) significantly increased cell adhesion and viability ( p < 0.05) as well as the expression of all the osteogenesis-related markers ( p < 0.05). Increasing amounts of HAp resulted in an increased elastic modulus of the cell culture scaffolds. The outcome measures, which were verified in vivo, included the protein expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 and osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase activity, and the mRNA expression of osteogenesis-related markers. In vitro, the effect of stiffness on the osteogenic differentiation of rat BMSCs was studied. The amount of HAp ranged from 25 to 100 mg, which provided for different ratios between HAp and the PEG/SF composite. To prepare cell culture scaffolds of varying stiffness, increasing amounts of hydroxyapatite (HAp) were mixed into a polyethylene glycol/silk fibroin (PEG/SF) solution. In this study, the effect of the biophysical microenvironment on rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) osteogenesis was studied both in vitro and in vivo. The physical factors of the extracellular matrix have a profound influence on the differentiation behavior of mesenchymal stem cells.
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